How to choose a research paradigm

A research philosophy refers to the set of beliefs, assumptions, and principles that guide the way researchers approach their investigations and interpret the world. It shapes the researcher’s perspective on the nature of reality, the role of knowledge, and the methods used to gather and analyze data. Research philosophy forms the foundation upon which the entire research process is built, influencing decisions about research design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation.

Selecting a research paradigm involves a careful consideration of your research question, objectives, the nature of the phenomenon you’re studying, and your own beliefs as a researcher. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you choose a research paradigm:

Understand your research question

Clearly define your research question or problem. Consider whether your question seeks to explore a universal truth (positivist), understand subjective experiences (interpretivist), address practical concerns (pragmatist), or uncover power dynamics (critical theory).

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Consider the nature of phenomenon

Think about the nature of the phenomenon you’re studying. Is it objective and quantifiable (positivist)? Does it involve personal experiences and meanings (interpretivist)? Does it require practical solutions (pragmatist)? Is it related to social inequalities and power structures (critical theory)?

Reflect on your beliefs and values

Consider your own philosophical stance and beliefs. Are you more inclined towards objective measurements or do you believe in the importance of subjective interpretations? Your own worldview can influence your choice of paradigm.

Evaluate feasibility

Assess the feasibility of each paradigm in terms of available resources, time constraints, and your own expertise. Some paradigms may require specific skills, data collection methods, or tools.

Review existing literature

Look at how similar research questions have been approached in the literature. This can provide insights into which paradigms are commonly used in your field of study.

Alignment with discipline

Different disciplines may have established preferences for certain paradigms. Consider how your choice might align with the conventions and expectations of your field. Discuss your ideas with experienced researchers, advisors, and peers. They can offer valuable insights and help you refine your approach.

Consider depth vs. breadth

Are you aiming for a deep understanding of a few cases (interpretivist) or a broader, generalizable conclusion (positivist)? This can influence your paradigm choice.

Think about impact

Consider the potential impact of your research. If you want to create change, challenge norms, or advocate for social justice, a critical theory paradigm might be appropriate.

Justify your choice

Regardless of the paradigm you choose, be sure to clearly justify your decision in your research proposal or paper. Explain why the chosen paradigm is appropriate for your research.

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