Choosing a career in teaching is a rewarding path filled with opportunities to make a positive impact on students’ lives. The teaching profession is diverse and offers numerous routes and specialisations.
Types of teaching roles
Primary school teacher
Primary school teachers educate children aged 4 to 11. They teach a broad range of subjects, including English, maths, science, and humanities. The role requires a strong understanding of child development and the ability to create engaging and inclusive lesson plans.
Secondary school teacher
Secondary school teachers specialise in teaching students aged 11 to 18. They usually focus on a specific subject, such as mathematics, English, sciences, or humanities. This role involves preparing students for their GCSEs and A-levels, as well as helping them develop critical thinking and subject-specific skills.
Special educational needs (SEN) teacher
SEN teachers work with children and young people who have special educational needs or disabilities. This role requires a high level of patience, creativity, and specialised training to meet the diverse needs of their students.
Further education (FE) lecturer
FE lecturers teach students aged 16 and above, including those pursuing vocational qualifications, A-levels, or adult education courses. This role often involves working in colleges or adult education centres, providing both academic and practical instruction.
Higher education (HE) lecturer
HE lecturers work in universities, teaching undergraduate and postgraduate students. This role typically requires a higher degree of expertise in a specific subject area and involves both teaching and conducting research.
Required qualifications for careers in teaching
Initial teacher training (ITT)
To become a teacher in the UK, you must complete an Initial Teacher Training (ITT) programme. There are several routes available:
University-led ITT: Includes undergraduate or postgraduate courses such as a Bachelor of Education (BEd) or a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE).
School-led ITT: Includes School Direct, Teach First, and the Assessment Only route. These programmes allow you to train while working in a school setting.
Qualified teacher status (QTS)
Upon completing ITT, you need to achieve Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) to teach in most state schools in England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own certification processes but follow similar standards.
Continuing professional development (CPD)
Teachers are encouraged to engage in Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to enhance their skills and knowledge throughout their careers. This can include further qualifications, attending workshops, or engaging in research.
Career progression
Newly qualified teacher (NQT) / early career teacher (ECT)
After obtaining QTS, teachers enter their induction year as an NQT or ECT. This period involves additional support and assessment to ensure they are ready to take on full teaching responsibilities.
Experienced teacher
With experience, teachers can take on additional responsibilities such as mentoring new teachers, leading subject departments, or becoming a specialist leader in education (SLE).
Senior leadership
Experienced teachers may progress to senior leadership roles such as deputy headteacher or headteacher. These positions involve overseeing the strategic direction of the school, managing staff, and ensuring high educational standards.
Further opportunities
Beyond senior leadership, teachers can move into roles such as educational consultants, Ofsted inspectors, or roles within local education authorities or government bodies.
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